Index

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# Index: L

L-devices file : 14.5.1. Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer
L.cmds file : 15.4.3. L.cmds: Providing Remote Command Execution
L.sys file : 15.3.3. Security of L.sys and Systems Files
Lai, Xuejia : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
laid-off employees : 13.2.6. Departure
LaMacchia, Brian : 19.3.4. Limitations of Secure RPC
LANs (local area networks)
  16.1. Networking
  16.2. IPv4: The Internet Protocol Version 4
laptop computers : 12.2.6.3. Portables
last program
  8.4.3. Finding Dormant Accounts
  10.1.2. utmp and wtmp Files
  10.1.3. last Program
  10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file
  15.3.1. Assigning Additional UUCP Logins
  -f option : 10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file
lastcomm program
  10.2. The acct/pacct Process Accounting File
  10.2.2. Accounting with BSD
lastlog file : 10.1.1. lastlog File
laws
  26. Computer Security and U.S. Law
  26.4.7. Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
  backups and : 7.1.7. Legal Issues
  checklist for : A.1.1.25. Chapter 26: Computer Security and U.S. Law
  copyright
    9.2.1. Comparison Copies
    26.4.2. Copyright Infringement
    26.4.2.1. Software piracy and the SPA
  criminal prosecution
    26.2. Criminal Prosecution
    26.2.7. A Final Note on Criminal Actions
  Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) : 26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws
  encryption
    6.7. Encryption and U.S. Law
    6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls
    12.2.6.3. Portables
  enforcement agencies : 14.4.4.1. Kinds of eavesdropping
  export
    6.4.4.1. Use and export of DES
    6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls
    26.4.1. Munitions Export
  federal enforcement
    26.2.2. Federal Jurisdiction
    26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws
  indecent material : 26.4.5. Pornography and Indecent Material
  liability
    26.4. Other Liability
    26.4.7. Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
  monitoring keystrokes : 24.2.3. Monitoring the Intruder
  non-citizen access : 26.4.1. Munitions Export
  patents : 26.4.4. Patent Concerns
  for portable computers : 12.2.6.3. Portables
  resources on : D.1.1. Other Computer References
  search warrants
    26.2.4. Hazards of Criminal Prosecution
    26.2.5. If You or One of Your Employees Is a Target of an Investigation...
  smoking : 12.2.1.2. Smoke
  state and local enforcement : 26.2.1. The Local Option
  trademarks : 26.4.3. Trademark Violations
  vendor liability : 18.5.2. Trusting Your Software Vendor
lawsuits (civil) : 26.3. Civil Actions
leased telephone lines : 14.5.4. Physical Protection of Modems
least privilege
  5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
  13.2.5. Least Privilege and Separation of Duties
Lee, Ying-Da : 22.4. SOCKS
Lesk, Mike
  1.3. History of UNIX
  15.2. Versions of UUCP
liability, legal
  26.4. Other Liability
  26.4.7. Harassment, Threatening Communication, and Defamation
/lib directory : 11.5.3.6. Other files
license agreements : 18.5.2. Trusting Your Software Vendor
  comparison copies and : 9.2.1. Comparison Copies
lie-detector tests : 13.1. Background Checks
lightning
  12.2. Protecting Computer Hardware
  12.2.1.9. Lightning
limit command : 25.2.5. Soft Process Limits: Preventing Accidental Denial of Service
Limit command (<Directory>) : 18.3.2. Commands Within the <Directory> Block
limited user access : 8.1.5.1. Limited users
link-level security : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
links
  encryption of : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire
  link-level security : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
  static : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
  symbolic, following (Web)
    18.2.2.2. Additional configuration issues
    18.3.2. Commands Within the <Directory> Block
lint program : 23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
LINUX operating system
  1.3. History of UNIX
  3.3. Entering Your Password
  23.1.2.1. What they found
  ext2 filesystem : 25.2.2.6. Reserved space
  random number generators : 23.7.4. Other random number generators
Live Script : 18.5.2. Trusting Your Software Vendor
load shedding : 23.3. Tips on Writing Network Programs
local
  area networks (LANs)
    16.1. Networking
    16.2. IPv4: The Internet Protocol Version 4
  authentication (NIS+) : 19.5.4. Using NIS+
  law enforcement : 26.2.1. The Local Option
  storage
    12.3.4. Protecting Local Storage
    12.3.4.5. Function keys
  users, and USERFILE : 15.4.1.2. USERFILE entries for local users
lock program : 12.3.5.2. X screen savers
locked accounts : 3.3. Entering Your Password
locking files : 23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
log files
  11.5.3.5. System initialization files
  (see also logging)
  access_log
    10.3.5. access_log Log File
    18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  aculog : 10.3.1. aculog File
  agent_log file : 18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  backing up : 10.2.2. Accounting with BSD
  lastlog : 10.1.1. lastlog File
  managing : 10.8. Managing Log Files
  manually generated
    10.7. Handwritten Logs
    10.7.2.2. Informational material
  per-machine : 10.7.2. Per-Machine Logs
  per-site : 10.7.1. Per-Site Logs
  refer_log file : 18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  sulog : (see sulog file)
  system clock and : 17.3.14. Network Time Protocol (NTP) (UDP Port 123)
  tracking intruders with : 24.3. The Log Files: Discovering an Intruder's Tracks
  /usr/adm/messages : 10.2.3. messages Log File
  utmp and wtmp
    10.1.2. utmp and wtmp Files
    10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file
  uucp : 10.3.4. uucp Log Files
  /var/adm/acct : 10.2. The acct/pacct Process Accounting File
  /var/adm/loginlog : 10.1.4. loginlog File
  of Web servers : 18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  xferlog : 10.3.3. xferlog Log File
logdaemon package : 17.3.18.5. Searching for .rhosts files
logger command : 10.5.3. syslog Messages
logging
  7.1.1.1. A taxonomy of computer failures
  10. Auditing and Logging
  10.8. Managing Log Files
  11.5.3.5. System initialization files
  21.5. Special Considerations
  23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
  (see also log files)
  across networks : 10.5.2.2. Logging across the network
  archiving information : 7.4.2. Simple Archives
  breakins : 24.1.2. Rule #2: DOCUMENT
  C2 audit : 10.1. The Basic Log Files
  checklist for : A.1.1.9. Chapter 10: Auditing and Logging
  critical messages
    10.5.3. syslog Messages
    10.5.3.1. Beware false log entries
  downloaded files
    10.3.3. xferlog Log File
    10.3.5. access_log Log File
  failed su attempts : 4.3.7. The Bad su Log
  file format : 8.2. Monitoring File Format
  files transferred by FTP : 10.3.3. xferlog Log File
  to hardcopy device : 10.5.2.1. Logging to a printer
  individual users
    10.4. Per-User Trails in the Filesystem
    10.4.3. Network Setup
  manually
    10.7. Handwritten Logs
    10.7.2.2. Informational material
  mistyped passwords : 10.5.3. syslog Messages
  network services : 10.3.6. Logging Network Services
  outgoing mail : 10.4.2. Mail
  potentially criminal activity : 26.2.6. Other Tips
  Swatch program
    10.6. Swatch: A Log File Tool
    10.6.2. The Swatch Configuration File
    E.4.9. Swatch
  syslog facility
    10.5. The UNIX System Log (syslog) Facility
    10.5.3.1. Beware false log entries
  UUCP : 10.3.4. uucp Log Files
  what not to log : 10.5.3. syslog Messages
logging in
  C.5. Starting Up UNIX and Logging In
  C.5.3. Running the User's Shell
  FTP access without : 17.3.2.7. Allowing only FTP access
  Kerberos system : 19.6.1.1. Initial login
  last program
    10.1.3. last Program
    10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file
  lastlog file : 10.1.1. lastlog File
  passwords : 3.3. Entering Your Password
  preventing
    8.4. Managing Dormant Accounts
    8.4.3. Finding Dormant Accounts
  restricting : 8.3. Restricting Logins
  with Secure RPC : 19.3.3. Using Secure RPC
  startup file attacks
    11.5.2. Start-up File Attacks
    11.5.2.7. Other initializations
logging out with Secure RPC[logging out:Secure RPC] : 19.3.3. Using Secure RPC
logic bombs
  11.1. Programmed Threats: Definitions
  11.1.3. Logic Bombs
  27.2.2. Viruses on the Distribution Disk
.login file
  8.5.1. Secure Terminals
  11.5.2.1. .login, .profile, /etc/profile
  24.4.1.6. Changes to startup files
login program
  8.6. The UNIX Encrypted Password System
  11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors
  19.5.4. Using NIS+
  26.2.6. Other Tips
  27.1.2. Trusting Trust
logindevperm file : 17.3.21.1. /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm
loginlog file : 10.1.4. loginlog File
logins
  authentication : 17.3.5. TACACS (UDP Port 49)
  FTP : 17.3.2. (FTP) File Transfer Protocol (TCP Ports 20 and 21)
  UUCP, additional : 15.3.1. Assigning Additional UUCP Logins
logins command : 8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
  -d option : 8.2. Monitoring File Format
  -p option : 8.2. Monitoring File Format
LOGNAME= command
  15.5.1.3. A Sample Permissions file
  15.5.2. Permissions Commands
.logout file : 19.3.3. Using Secure RPC
long distance service
  14.5.4. Physical Protection of Modems
  17.3.3. TELNET (TCP Port 23)
losses, cost of preventing
  2.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis
  2.3.4. Convincing Management
lp (user) : 4.1. Users and Groups
lpd system : 17.3.18.6. /etc/hosts.lpd file
lrand48 function : 23.7.3. drand48 ( ), lrand48 ( ), and mrand48 ( )
ls command
  5.1.4. Using the ls Command
  5.1.5. File Times
  9.2.2. Checklists and Metadata
  -c option : 5.1.5. File Times
  -d option : 9.2.2.1. Simple listing
  -e option : 5.2.5.1. AIX Access Control Lists
  -F option : 5.1.4. Using the ls Command
  -g option : 5.1.4. Using the ls Command
  -H option : 5.9.2. Context-Dependent Files
  -i option : 9.2.2.1. Simple listing
  -l option
    5.1.4. Using the ls Command
    5.2.5.1. AIX Access Control Lists
    5.5.1. SUID, SGID, and Sticky Bits
  -q option : 5.4. Using Directory Permissions
  -u option : 5.1.5. File Times
  -c option : 24.4.1.6. Changes to startup files
  -H option : 24.4.1.7. Hidden files and directories
  -l option : 24.4.1.6. Changes to startup files
lsacl command : 5.2.5.2. HP-UX access control lists
lsof program : 25.2.2.7. Hidden space
lstat function : 23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
Lucifer algorithm
  6.4.4. DES
  6.4.4.3. DES strength
LUCIFER cipher : 6.4.4. DES

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