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# Index: E

earthquakes : 12.2.1.4. Earthquake
eavesdropping
  12.3.1. Eavesdropping
  12.3.1.5. Fiber optic cable
  12.4.1.2. Potential for eavesdropping and data theft
  14.4.4. Protecting Against Eavesdropping
  14.4.4.2. Protection against eavesdropping
  16.3.1. Link-level Security
  IP packets
    16.3.1. Link-level Security
    17.3.3. TELNET (TCP Port 23)
  through log files : 18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  on the Web
    18.4. Avoiding the Risks of Eavesdropping
    18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files
  X clients : 17.3.21.2. X security
ECB (electronic code book)
  6.4.4.2. DES modes
  6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard
echo command : 23.5. Tips on Using Passwords
ECPA (Electronic Communications Privacy Act) : 26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws
editing wtmp file : 10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file
editors : 11.5.2.7. Other initializations
  buffers for : 11.1.4. Trojan Horses
  Emacs : 11.5.2.3. GNU .emacs
  ex
    5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
    11.5.2.4. .exrc
    11.5.2.7. Other initializations
  startup file attacks : 11.5.2.4. .exrc
  vi
    5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
    11.5.2.4. .exrc
    11.5.2.7. Other initializations
edquota command : 25.2.2.5. Using quotas
EDS : F.3.4.11. EDS and EDS customers worldwide
education : (see security, user awareness of)
effective UIDs/GIDs
  4.3.1. Real and Effective UIDs
  5.5. SUID
  10.1.2.1. su command and /etc/utmp and /var/adm/wtmp files
  C.1.3.2. Process real and effective UID
8mm video tape : 7.1.4. Guarding Against Media Failure
electrical fires
  12.2.1.2. Smoke
  (see also fires; smoke and smoking)
electrical noise : 12.2.1.8. Electrical noise
electronic
  breakins : (see breakins; cracking)
  code book (ECB)
    6.4.4.2. DES modes
    6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard
  mail : (see mail)
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) : 26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws
ElGamal algorithm
  6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
  6.5.3. Digital Signatures
elm (mail system) : 11.5.2.5. .forward, .procmailrc
emacs editor : 11.5.2.7. Other initializations
.emacs file : 11.5.2.3. GNU .emacs
email : (see mail)
embedded commands : (see commands)
embezzlers : 11.3. Authors
emergency response organizations : (see response teams)
employees
  11.3. Authors
  13. Personnel Security
  13.3. Outsiders
  departure of : 13.2.6. Departure
  phonebook of : 12.3.3. Other Media
  security checklist for : A.1.1.12. Chapter 13: Personnel Security
  targeted in legal investigation : 26.2.5. If You or One of Your Employees Is a Target of an Investigation...
  trusting : 27.3.1. Your Employees?
  written authorization for : 26.2.6. Other Tips
encryption
  6.2. What Is Encryption?
  6.2.2. The Elements of Encryption
  12.2.6.2. Encryption
  (see also cryptography)
  algorithms : 2.5. The Problem with Security Through Obscurity
    crypt
      6.6.1. UNIX crypt: The Original UNIX Encryption Command
      6.6.1.3. Example
    Digital Signature Algorithm
      6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
      6.5.3. Digital Signatures
    ElGamal : 6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
    IDEA : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
    RC2, RC4, and RC5
      6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
      6.4.8. Proprietary Encryption Systems
    ROT13 : 6.4.3. ROT13: Great for Encoding Offensive Jokes
    RSA
      6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
      6.4.6. RSA and Public Key Cryptography
      6.4.6.3. Strength of RSA
  application-level : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
  of backups
    7.1.6.3. Data security for backups
    7.4.4. Encrypting Your Backups
    12.3.2.4. Backup encryption
  checklist for : A.1.1.5. Chapter 6: Cryptography
  Data Encryption Standard (DES)
    6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
    6.4.4. DES
    6.4.5.2. Triple DES
    6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard
  DCE and : 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File and Network Databases
  Diffie-Hellman : (see Diffie-Hellman key exchange system)
  end-to-end : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
  Enigma system
    6.3. The Enigma Encryption System
    6.6.1.1. The crypt program
    (see also crypt command/algorithm)
  escrowing keys
    6.1.3. Modern Controversy
    7.1.6.3. Data security for backups
  exporting software : 26.4.1. Munitions Export
  of hypertext links : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire
  laws about
    6.7. Encryption and U.S. Law
    6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls
  link-level : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
  of modems : 14.6. Additional Security for Modems
  Netscape Navigator system : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire
  with network services : 17.4. Security Implications of Network Services
  one-time pad mechanism : 6.4.7. An Unbreakable Encryption Algorithm
  of passwords
    8.6. The UNIX Encrypted Password System
    8.6.4. Crypt16() and Other Algorithms
    23.5. Tips on Using Passwords
  PGP : (see PGP)
  programs for UNIX
    6.6. Encryption Programs Available for UNIX
    6.6.3.6. PGP detached signatures
  proprietary algorithms : 6.4.8. Proprietary Encryption Systems
  RC4 and RC5 algorithms : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
  references on : D.1.5. Cryptography Books
  Skipjack algorithm : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
  superencryption : 6.4.5. Improving the Security of DES
  and superusers : 6.2.4. Why Use Encryption with UNIX?
  of Web information : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire
end-to-end encryption : 16.3.1. Link-level Security
Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) : F.3.4.43. U.S. Department of Energy sites, Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and DOE contractors
Enigma encryption system
  6.3. The Enigma Encryption System
  6.6.1.1. The crypt program
Enterprise Networks : 16.1. Networking
environment variables
  11.5.2.7. Other initializations
  23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
environment, physical
  12.2.1. The Environment
  12.2.1.13. Environmental monitoring
erasing disks : 12.3.2.3. Sanitize your media before disposal
erotica, laws governing : 26.4.5. Pornography and Indecent Material
errno variable : 23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
errors : 7.1.1.1. A taxonomy of computer failures
  in ACLs : 5.2.5.1. AIX Access Control Lists
  configuration : 9.1. Prevention
  human : 7.1.4. Guarding Against Media Failure
errors
  Preface
  (see also auditing, system activity)
escape sequences, modems and : 14.5.3.1. Originate testing
escrowing encryption keys
  6.1.3. Modern Controversy
  7.1.6.3. Data security for backups
ESnet (Energy Sciences Network) : F.3.4.43. U.S. Department of Energy sites, Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and DOE contractors
espionage : 11.3. Authors
/etc directory
  11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors
  11.5.3.5. System initialization files
  backups of : 7.1.3. Types of Backups
  /etc/aliases file : 11.5.3.3. /usr/lib/aliases, /etc/aliases, /etc/sendmail/aliases, aliases.dir, or aliases.pag
  /etc/default/login file : 8.5.1. Secure Terminals
  /etc/exports file
    11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories
    19.3.2.4. Using Secure NFS
    making changes to : 20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs
  /etc/fbtab file : 17.3.21.1. /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm
  /etc/fingerd program : (see finger command)
  /etc/fsck program : 24.4.1.7. Hidden files and directories
  /etc/fstab file
    11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors
    19.3.2.5. Mounting a secure filesystem
  /etc/ftpd : (see ftpd server)
  /etc/ftpusers file : 17.3.2.5. Restricting FTP with the standard UNIX FTP server
  /etc/group file
    1.2. What Is an Operating System?
    4.1.3.1. The /etc/group file
    4.2.3. Impact of the /etc/passwd and /etc/group Files on Security
    8.1.6. Group Accounts
  /etc/halt command : 24.2.6. Anatomy of a Break-in
  /etc/hosts file : 16.2.3.1. The /etc/hosts file
  /etc/hosts.equiv : (see hosts.equiv file)
  /etc/hosts.lpd file : 17.3.18.6. /etc/hosts.lpd file
  /etc/inetd : (see inetd daemon)
  /etc/inetd.conf file : 17.3. Primary UNIX Network Services
  /etc/init program : C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
  /etc/inittab : (see inittab program)
  /etc/keystore file : 19.3.1.1. Proving your identity
  /etc/logindevperm file : 17.3.21.1. /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm
  /etc/motd file : 26.2.6. Other Tips
  /etc/named.boot file
    17.3.6.1. DNS zone transfers
    17.3.6.2. DNS nameserver attacks
  /etc/passwd file
    1.2. What Is an Operating System?
    3.2.1. The /etc/passwd File
    3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File and Network Databases
    4.2.3. Impact of the /etc/passwd and /etc/group Files on Security
    8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
    8.6. The UNIX Encrypted Password System
    C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
    + in : (see NIS)
    accounts without passwords : 8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
    backing up : 7.1.2. What Should You Back Up?
    new accounts : 24.4.1. New Accounts
    NFS : 20.2.1.1. /etc/exports
    uucp user and : 15.1.4. How the UUCP Commands Work
  /etc/profile file
    11.5.2.1. .login, .profile, /etc/profile
    24.4.1.6. Changes to startup files
  /etc/publickey file : 19.3.2.1. Creating passwords for users
  /etc/rc directory
    11.5.3.5. System initialization files
    17.1.2. Starting the Servers
    C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
    commenting out services : 17.3. Primary UNIX Network Services
  /etc/remote file
    10.3.1. aculog File
    14.5.1. Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer
  /etc/renice : (see renice command)
  /etc/secure/passwd file : 8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
  /etc/security/passwd.adjunct file : 8.8.5. Shadow Password Files
  /etc/sendmail/aliases file : 11.5.3.3. /usr/lib/aliases, /etc/aliases, /etc/sendmail/aliases, aliases.dir, or aliases.pag
  /etc/services file : 17.1.1. The /etc/services File
  /etc/services file : 17.1.1. The /etc/services File
  /etc/shadow file
    8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
    8.8.5. Shadow Password Files
  /etc/shells file : 8.4.2. Changing the Account's Login Shell
  /etc/syslogd : (see syslog facility)
  /etc/tty file, backing up : 7.1.2. What Should You Back Up?
  /etc/ttys file
    8.5.1. Secure Terminals
    14.5.1. Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer
  /etc/ttytab file : C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
  /etc/utmp file
    10.1.2. utmp and wtmp Files
    10.1.2.1. su command and /etc/utmp and /var/adm/wtmp files
    24.2.1. Catching One in the Act
    24.2.4. Tracing a Connection
  /etc/uucp directory : 15.4.2.1. Some bad examples
  /etc/yp/makedbm program : 19.4.4.1. Setting up netgroups
  in restricted filesystems : 8.1.5. Restricted Filesystem
Ethernet : 16.1. Networking
  addresses for random seeds : 23.8. Picking a Random Seed
  cables : (see cables, network)
  eavesdropping by : 12.3.1.2. Eavesdropping by Ethernet and 10Base-T
Ethers table (NIS+) : 19.5.3. NIS+ Tables
Euler Totient Function : 6.4.6.1. How RSA works
eval function
  18.2.3.2. Testing is not enough!
  18.2.3.3. Sending mail
evidence, equipment seized as : 26.2.4. Hazards of Criminal Prosecution
ex editor
  5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
  11.5.2.4. .exrc
  11.5.2.7. Other initializations
exceptions : C.2. Creating Processes
exclamation mark (!) and mail command : 15.1.3. mail Command
exclusive OR (XOR) : 6.4.7. An Unbreakable Encryption Algorithm
exec (in Swatch program) : 10.6.2. The Swatch Configuration File
exec system call
  5.1.7. File Permissions in Detail
  18.2.3.3. Sending mail
  23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
  25.2.1.1. Too many processes
ExecCGI option : 18.3.2. Commands Within the <Directory> Block
execl system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
execlp system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
execute permission
  5.1.7. File Permissions in Detail
  5.4. Using Directory Permissions
execv system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
execve system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
execvp system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs
expiring
  accounts : 8.4.3. Finding Dormant Accounts
  FTP depositories : 17.3.2.6. Setting up anonymous FTP with the standard UNIX FTP server
  passwords : 8.8.6. Password Aging and Expiration
explosions : 12.2.1.5. Explosion
export laws : 26.4.1. Munitions Export
  cryptography
    6.4.4.1. Use and export of DES
    6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls
exportfs command : 20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs
exports file
  11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories
  19.3.2.4. Using Secure NFS
  20.2.1.1. /etc/exports
  20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs
.exrc file : 11.5.2.4. .exrc
ext2 filesystem (Linux) : 25.2.2.6. Reserved space
external data representation (XDR) : 19.2. Sun's Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
extinguishers, fire : (see fires)
extortion : 11.3. Authors

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